The Role of Green HRM and Sustainability in Enhancing Employee Engagement: A Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the role of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) and sustainability in enhancing employee engagement. It synthesizes findings from recent research (2019–2024) to identify key practices and theoretical perspectives that contribute to workforce motivation, commitment, and pro-environmental behavior.

Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed studies on Green HRM, sustainability, and employee engagement. The review integrates Social Exchange Theory (SET), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Stakeholder Theory to provide a multi-theoretical understanding of how Green HRM fosters engagement.

Findings: The study finds that Green HRM practices—such as green recruitment, sustainability-driven training, performance management, and eco-friendly reward systems—positively influence employee engagement by enhancing intrinsic motivation, organizational commitment, and citizenship behavior. However, gaps remain in the literature, particularly regarding longitudinal studies, cross-cultural comparisons, and experimental research designs.

Practical implications: Organizations can enhance employee engagement by embedding Green HRM into recruitment, training, and reward systems. Transformational leadership and sustainability-driven work cultures strengthen Green HRM’s impact, aligning corporate goals with employee values. Incentivizing green initiatives fosters motivation and retention, while digital HR solutions improve efficiency. Integrating sustainability into HRM policies ensures long-term business resilience, employee well-being, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) outcomes.

Social implications: Green HRM contributes to global sustainability by embedding environmental responsibility into workforce management. It supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting ethical labor practices, reducing carbon footprints, and fostering green workplace behaviors. Organizations that prioritize Green HRM enhance employee well-being, corporate environmental accountability, and broader societal sustainability efforts, driving sustainable economic and environmental progress.

Originality: This study provides a novel synthesis of the intersection between Green HRM and employee engagement, using a multi-theoretical lens. It highlights emerging trends, identifies research gaps, and offers practical recommendations for organizations seeking to integrate sustainability into HRM strategies.